Method of using a motion sensor with a bicycle sprocket assembly

ABSTRACT

A sensor retainer for a bicycle sprocket assembly includes an annular member for mounting and rotating coaxially with the bicycle sprocket assembly and a sensor element fixed to the annular member. Alternatively, the sensor retainer may include a fixing member for mounting a derailleur or other transmission to a bicycle frame and a sensor element mounted to the fixing member.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention is directed to electrical shift controldevices for bicycle transmissions and, more particularly, to a motionsensor for use with a bicycle sprocket assembly.

[0002] Motion sensors are commonly used with bicycles to sense rotationof the wheel or pedal crank so that bicycle speed and cadence may becomputed by a bicycle computer and displayed to the rider. Suchinformation also may be used to control an automatic or semi-automaticbicycle transmission, wherein the bicycle speed or cadence may be usedto determine when to change gear ratios. The typical motion sensorusually comprises a magnet attached to the wheel or crank arm and amagnetic sensor attached to the bicycle frame. When the magnet passes inclose proximity to the magnetic sensor, the sensor provides a pulse tothe bicycle computer. The speed or cadence then may be computed based onthe elapsed time between successive pulses.

[0003] A disadvantage of traditional motion sensors is that theyincrease the number of parts at various locations on the bicycle, thusgiving the bicycle a cluttered appearance. Furthermore, the appearanceof a magnet rotating with the spokes can be disconcerting. Also, as thenumber of electronically controlled components increases, the amount ofwiring needed to connect the various components together also increases.For example, if the bicycle uses an electronically controlledtransmission, then wires must be routed for the wheel magnetic sensor,the crank magnetic sensor, the front transmission and the reartransmission. The aesthetic appearance of the bicycle is greatlydiminished by such excessive wiring.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention is directed to a motion sensor for use witha bicycle sprocket assembly wherein a magnet or first sensor element ismounted for rotation with the sprocket assembly. Another feature of thepresent invention is a magnetic sensor or second sensor element beingmounted in close proximity to the bicycle transmission. Associating thefirst sensor element with the sprocket assembly eliminates therequirement of mounting the first sensor element on the spokes, andmounting the second sensor element in close proximity to the bicycletransmission allows the wiring for the second sensor element, if any, tobe combined with any wiring or cables already routed to thetransmission. The present invention thus combines various structures andfunctions in proximity to each other and results in a less clutteredappearance for the bicycle.

[0005] In one embodiment of the present invention, a sensor retainer fora bicycle sprocket assembly includes an annular member for mounting androtating coaxially with the bicycle sprocket assembly and a sensorelement fixed to the annular member. Alternatively, the sensor retainermay include a fixing member for mounting a derailleur or othertransmission to a bicycle flame and a sensor element mounted to thefixing member.

[0006] In a more specific embodiment, a sensor assembly for a bicycleincludes a plurality of sprockets mounted together for rotation around acommon axis; a first sensor element coupled for rotation with theplurality of sprockets; and a second sensor element for attachment inclose proximity to the plurality of sprockets so that the first sensorelement rotates relative to the second sensor element. If desired, thefirst sensor element may include a signal generating element such as amagnet, and the second sensor element may include a signal receivingelement such as a magnetic sensor. The second sensor element may includea first sensor unit for communicating with the first sensor element anda second sensor unit for communicating with the first sensor element,wherein the first sensor unit is offset from the second sensor unit in acircumferential direction. Such a structure allows the direction ofrotation as well as the speed of rotation of the plurality of sprocketsto be determined.

[0007] In another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality ofsprockets may include a first sprocket and a second sprocket, whereinthe first sprocket includes a shift facilitating structure forfacilitating shifting of a chain from the second sprocket to the firstsprocket. In this embodiment the first sensor element may be located ata specified rotational position relative to the shift facilitatingstructure so that the position of the shift facilitating structure maybe determined; This feature has special usefulness when the sensorassembly is used in conjunction with an electronically controlledderailleur because then the derailleur may be commanded to shift thechain from the second sprocket to the first sprocket when the shiftfacilitating structure is in the optimum rotational position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008]FIG. 1 is a side view of a rear portion of a bicycle that uses aparticular embodiment of a bicycle transmission including a motor drivenderailleur and motion sensor according to the present invention;

[0009]FIG. 2 is a front view the bicycle transmission shown in FIG. 1;

[0010]FIG. 3 is an oblique view of a portion of the motor drivenderailleur shown in FIG. 1;

[0011]FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the portion of the motor drivenderailleur shown in FIG. 3;

[0012]FIG. 5 is a view of the motor unit for the derailleur shown inFIG. 3 illustrating a particular embodiment of a gear reduction unitaccording to the present invention;

[0013]FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the motor unit shown in FIGS. 3-5;

[0014]FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the motion sensor shown in FIG. 1without the sprockets;

[0015]FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the motion sensorshown in FIG. 1;

[0016]FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a sprocketassembly with sensor elements fixed to a locking ring;

[0017]FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of amotor driven derailleur according to the present invention;

[0018]FIG. 11 is an assembled view of a clutch assembly used in thederailleur shown in FIG. 10;

[0019]FIG. 12 is a partial cutaway view of the assembled motor drivenderailleur shown in FIG. 10 in an initial position; and

[0020]FIG. 13 is a partial cutaway view of the assembled motor drivenderailleur shown in FIG. 10 in an extended position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021]FIG. 1 is a side view of a rear portion of a bicycle that uses aparticular embodiment of a bicycle transmission 10 according to thepresent invention including a motor driven derailleur 14 and a motionsensor 18 mounted to a bicycle frame 22. More specifically, a sprocketassembly 28 comprising plurality of sprockets 28(A-G) are coaxially androtatably mounted around an axle 32 (FIG. 7) forming part of afreehub-style wheel hub 320. As shown in FIGS. 1-6, derailleur 14includes a base member 44 with an axle opening 48 so that derailleur 14may be mounted to frame 22 by passing axle 32 through axle opening 48and screwing a nut 52 onto axle 32. A motor unit housing 56 and motorunit cover 60 are formed as part of the base member 44 by insertingscrews 64 and 66 through respective openings 70 and 74 in motor unitcover 60, through respective openings 78 and 82 in motor unit housing56, and into threaded openings 86 and 90 in base member 44.

[0022] A link member 94 having prongs 96 and 98 is pivotably coupled tobase member 44 and motor unit 56 by a pivot shaft 100 that extendsthrough an opening 102 in base member and through an opening 103 inprong 96, and by a pivot shaft 112 that extends through an opening 113in motor unit housing 56 and through an opening 104 in prong 98. Thus,prong 96 is disposed between base member 44 and motor unit housing 56,and prong 98 is disposed between motor unit housing 56 and motor unitcover 60. Fixing bolts 111 (only one is shown in FIG. 4) extend intoopenings 115 in prongs 96 and 98 to fix pivots shafts 100 and 112 inplace. A link member.108 is pivotably coupled to motor unit housing 56by a shaft section 150A (FIG. 6) of a pivot shaft 150 that passesthrough an opening 116 in link member 108, and a link member 130 ispivotably coupled to motor unit housing 56 by a shaft section 150B ofpivot shaft 150 that passes through an opening 154 in link member 130.As discussed in more detail below, pivot shaft 150 also functions as anactuator shaft for moving the derailleur. The other end of link member94 is pivotably connected to a movable member 158 by a pivot shaft 160that extends through an opening 164 in link member 94 and throughopenings 168 and 170 in movable member 158. Similarly, the other ends oflink members 108 and 130 are pivotably connected to movable member 158by a pivot pin 172 that passes through an opening 174 in link member108, through an opening 178 in link member 130, and through openings 180and 182 in movable member 158. Pivot pin 172 also extends through anopening 184 in a spacer 188 disposed between link members 108 and 130.Thus, motor unit housing 56, link members 94, 108 and 130, and movablemember 158 form a “four-bar” type linkage mechanism (wherein linkmembers 108 and 130 function as one “bar”) so that movable member 158moves relative to base member 44 and motor unit housing 56. A chainguide 190 having a guide pulley 194 and a tension pulley 198 ispivotably mounted to movable member 158 through a-pivot shaft 199 in aknown manner for switching a chain 200 among the plurality of sprockets28(A-G).

[0023] An actuating member in the form of an actuating arm 204 isnonrotatably mounted to pivot shaft 150 by keying an opening 208 on oneend of actuating arm 204 to a flat 210 on pivot shaft 150. The other endof actuating arm 204 normally rests on abutments 211A and 211B formed onlink members 108 and 130, and it has an opening or groove 212 forreceiving a first end 214 of a coil spring 218 that is coiled aroundspacer 188. A second end 222 of spring 218 is inserted into an opening226 in link member 108. Bushings 230 and 234 are disposed between spring218 and link members 108 and 130, respectively, for minimizing frictionbetween spring 218 and link members 108 and 130.

[0024] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, motor unit housing 56 includes a firsthousing section 56A, a second housing section 56B, and a gasket 250between first housing section 56A and second housing section 56B.Disposed within motor unit housing 56 is a mounting bracket 254 thatseats within a groove 258 formed in first housing section 56A and agroove 260 formed in second housing section 56B. A motor 262 having adrive shaft 263 is rigidly fixed to mounting bracket 254 by screws 264and 268. Motor 262 is controlled by signals received over acommunication bus 272 connected to a control unit 276 (FIG. 1) which, inturn, is attached to frame 22 through a mounting bracket 280. Motorcontrol unit 276 further communicates with a control center (not shown,but typically mounted on the bicycle handlebars) through a communicationbus 284.

[0025] A worm gear 290 is fixed to motor drive shaft 263 by a set screw294 for driving pivot shaft 150 through a gear reduction unit 800. Gearreduction unit 800 includes a larger diameter gear 804 that meshes withworm gear 290. Large diameter gear 804 is pivotably mounted to firsthousing section 56A through a pivot shaft 808 seated in a recess 810formed in first housing section 56A. A smaller diameter gear 814 isnonrotatably fixed to larger diameter gear 814 and meshes with anotherlarger diameter gear 818. Larger diameter gear 818 is pivotably mountedto first housing section 56A through a pivot shaft 822 that seats in arecess 826 formed in first housing section 56A. A smaller diameter gear830 is nonrotatably fixed to pivot shaft 822 and meshes with a fan gear834 that is nonrotatably fixed to pivot shaft 150. Pivot shaft 150extends through an opening 836 in first housing section 56A and throughan opening 838 in second housing section 56B. 0-ring seals 840 and 844are disposed around pivot shaft 150 on opposite sides of fan gear 834for preventing contaminants from entering motor unit housing 56 throughopenings 836 and 838. A potentiometer 870 is fitted to shaft section150A of pivot shaft 150 to determine the rotational position of pivotshaft 150 and hence of movable member 158.

[0026] In operation, motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 counterclockwisethrough gear reduction unit 800 to cause chain guide 190 to switch chain200 from a larger diameter sprocket 28(A-G) to a smaller diametersprocket 28(A-G), and motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 clockwisethrough gear reduction unit 800 to cause chain guide 190 to switch chain200 from a smaller diameter sprocket 28(A-G) to a larger diametersprocket 28(A-G). When motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150counterclockwise, actuating arm 204 rotates counterclockwise and pullsupwardly on first end 214 of spring 218. If there is no significantresistance to movement of movable member 158, then actuating arm 204remains seated on abutments 211A and 211B, and the upward movement ofactuating arm 108 causes spring 218 to lift up on spacer 188. This, inturn, causes movable member 158 to move toward a smaller sprocket28(A-G) without causing the first end 214 of spring 218 to twist aroundspacer 188.

[0027] However, if a large resistance is applied to the movement ofmovable member 158, such as when the cyclist is not pedaling, thenactuating arm 204 lifts up from abutments 211A and 211B while movablemember 158 remains stationary, and the upward movement of actuating arm204 causes first spring end 214 to twist around spacer 218, thusincreasing the tension on coil spring 218. Coil spring 218 thus savesthe energy for the shift operation until the source of resistance tomovement of movable member 158 is removed, such as when the cyclistresumes pedaling. When this resistance is removed, movable member 158moves toward a smaller diameter sprocket 28(A-G), and abutments 211A and211B on link members 108 and 130 rise until they contact actuating arm204.

[0028] It should be noted that coil spring 218 also functions as a shockabsorber in the event the bicycle falls over and the derailleur strikesthe ground. Thus, when movable member 158 is struck from the left inFIG. 2, the movable member tends to move downward. As understood fromFIG. 4, this would cause abutments 211A and 211B to move downward awayfrom actuating arm 204, thus absorbing the shock.

[0029] When motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 in the clockwisedirection, actuating arm 204 presses against abutments 211A and 211B,thus causing movable member 158 to move toward a larger diametersprocket 28(A-G).

[0030] Motion sensor 18 provides information about the rotational stateof the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G). This information may be used toascertain the speed of rotation of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G)and/or the rotational position of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G).This information may be used to determine if and when to activate motor262 to shift the derailleur. For example, if the plurality of sprockets28(A-G) are not rotating, thus creating significant resistance tomovement of movable member 158, it may be desirable to delay the shiftoperation until the cyclist resumes pedaling. Also, if the plurality ofsprockets 28(A-G) include shift facilitating structures (describedbelow) at certain locations, then it may be desirable to activate motor262 only when the shift facilitating structures are located in a desiredposition relative to the derailleur guide pulley 199.

[0031] As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8, motion sensor 18 includes asensor retainer 300 for mounting coaxially with the sprocket assembly 28so that the sensor retainer 300 rotates together with the sprocketassembly 28. A plurality of first sensor elements 304 in the form ofsignal generating elements such as magnets are embedded within orotherwise mounted circumferentially around sensor retainer 300 forrotation with sensor retainer 300. A second sensor element 308 isattached to base member 44 or otherwise mounted in close proximity tosensor retainer 300 so that sensor retainer 300 rotates relative tosecond sensor element 308. In this embodiment, second sensor element 308includes a frame 310 attached to base member 44 through bolts 311, afirst sensor unit 308A for communicating with the plurality of firstsensor elements 304, and a second sensor unit 308B for communicatingwith the plurality of first sensor elements 304. Each sensor unit 308Aand 308B comprises a signal receiving element such as a magnetic signalreceiver, and first sensor unit 308A is offset from second sensor unit308B in a circumferential direction. Thus, the direction of rotation ofsprocket assembly 28 can be determined based on which sensor unit 308Aor 308B first receives the magnetic signal from each first sensorelement 304. The elapsed time between receipt of the signal by firstsensor unit 308A and receipt of the signal by second sensor unit 308Bfor a given revolution of sprocket assembly 28 provides a second sourceof data for the rotational speed of sprocket assembly 28 in addition tothe traditional use of the elapsed time between receipt of the magneticsignal for successive revolutions of sprocket assembly 28. The receivedsignals are communicated to control unit 276 over a communication bus309 which structurally merges with communication bus 272 from motor 262to form an integrated communication bus 313 (FIG. 1).

[0032] In this embodiment, sensor retainer 300 is adapted to be mountedon a freehub-style wheel hub 320. Wheel hub 320 includes a hub shell 324and a pair of spoke flanges 328 and 330 with spoke holes 334 and 338,respectively, for receiving the wheel spokes (not shown) that mount thehub 320 to the wheel rim (not shown). A cylindrical sprocket mountingsleeve 340 is rotatably mounted around axle 32 through a one-way clutchmechanism (not shown) such that sprocket mounting sleeve 340 transmitsrotational force from sprocket assembly 28 to hub shell 324 whensprocket assembly 28 rotates in one direction only. The structure andfunction of wheel hub 320 including sprocket mounting sleeve 340 and theone way clutch are well known, so a detailed description of thesecomponents shall be omitted.

[0033] A plurality of splines 350 are circumferentially formed on theouter peripheral surface of sprocket mounting sleeve 340 for mating withcomplementary splines 354 formed on the inner peripheral surface ofsensor retainer 300. Similar splines (not shown) are formed on the innerperipheral surface of each of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G). Inthis embodiment, a position locating spline 358 having a larger widththan the other splines 354 is provided for engaging a similarly largerwidth position locating groove (not shown) on the sprocket mountingsleeve 340 so that sensor retainer 300 can be mounted on sprocketmounting sleeve 340 in only one rotational position. A similar positionlocating spline (not shown) is formed on the inner peripheral surface ofeach of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G) for the same reason. Thus,not only will sensor retainer 300 and sprockets 28(A-G) be mounted onsprocket mounting sleeve 340 in only one rotational position, but therotational position of sensor retainer 300 will be predeterminedrelative to sprocket assembly 28. This is very useful when the pluralityof sprockets 28(A-G) have shift facilitating structures for facilitatingthe transfer of the chain from one sprocket to another as described morefully below.

[0034] The free end of sprocket mounting sleeve 340 includes a threadedinner peripheral surface 360 for engaging a threaded outer peripheralsurface 364 of a lock ring 368. Screwing lock ring 368 onto sprocketmounting sleeve 340 thus nonrotatably fixes sprocket assembly 28 andsensor retainer 300 onto hub 320. Lock ring 368 also includes aplurality of splines 370 for engaging a tool (not shown) so that lockring 368 may be installed or removed from sprocket mounting sleeve 340as desired.

[0035]FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a sprocketassembly 28′ according to the present invention. In this embodiment,sensor retainer 300 is omitted. Instead, a lock ring 368′ having thesame general structure as lock ring 368 in FIG. 7 functions as thesensor retainer, wherein first sensor elements 304 are embedded withinor otherwise mounted to lock ring 368′. Also, sprocket assembly 28′includes shift facilitating structures for facilitating of a chain fromone sprocket to another. Using sprockets 28F′ and 28G′ as an example,sprocket 28G′ includes a shift facilitating structure 400 in the form ofa recess 404 disposed on the side of sprocket 28G′ and one or moreangled and/or beveled sprocket teeth 408 to facilitate transfer of thechain from sprocket 28F′ to sprocket 28G′. Such structures are now wellknown and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,521,incorporated herein by reference. Sprocket 28G′ also includes a shiftfacilitating structure 410 in the form of a recess 414 disposed on theside of sprocket 28G′ and one or more angled and/or beveled sprocketteeth 418 to facilitate transfer of the chain from sprocket 28G′ tosprocket 28F′. With such shift facilitating structures, it is desirableto activate the derailleur for shifting the chain when the guide wheel199 is in close proximity to the shift facilitating structures. Thisinformation can be ascertained by using a motion sensor 18 according tothe present invention.

[0036]FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of amotor driven derailleur 500 according to the present invention. Whereasthe motor driven derailleur shown in FIG. 1 had a motor integrallyformed with the base member, in this embodiment the motor is integrallyformed with one of the link members. More specifically, derailleur 500includes a base member 504 with a mounting bolt 506 for mountingderailleur 500 to frame 22. A link member 508 is pivotably mounted tobase member 504 by a pivot shaft 510 that passes through an opening 514in link member 508 and through openings 518 and 522 in base member 504.A link member 530 is pivotably mounted to base member 504 by screws 534and 538 that pass through respective openings 544 and 548 in base member504 and into respective threaded openings 554 and 558 in link member530. A movable member 560 is pivotably coupled to the other end of linkmember 508 by screws 564 and 568 that through respective openings 574and 578 and into respective threaded openings 584 and 588 in link member508. Movable member 560 also is pivotably coupled to the other end oflink member 530 by a tubular nut 594 that passes through an opening 604in movable member 560 and through an opening 618 in link member 530. Atubular screw 598 passes through an opening 608 in movable member 560,through an opening 610 in a fan gear 780, through an opening 611 in anelectrical brush member 612, through an opening 613 in a resistancecontact member 614, and threads into tubular nut 594. Movable member560, tubular nut 594, tubular screw 598, fan gear 780 and electricalbrush member 612 rotate together relative to link member 530, whereasresistance contact member 614 remains stationary. A chain guide 650having a guide pulley 654 and a tension pulley 658 is pivotably mountedto movable member 560 in a conventional way by a threaded shaft 660screwing into a threaded opening 664 in movable member 560.

[0037] In this embodiment, link member 530 includes a cylindrical bore700 into which is fitted a motor 704 having a drive shaft 708. A drivegear 712 is nonrotatably mounted to drive shaft 708 for meshing with abevel gear 716. As shown in FIG. 11, bevel gear 716 has a coupling shaft720 with splines 724 that engage complementary splines 728 on one end ofan intermediate shaft 730 such that intermediate shaft 730 cannot rotaterelative to coupling shaft 720, but intermediate shaft 730 can move acertain distance axially relative to coupling shaft 720. The other endof intermediate shaft 730 is nonrotatably coupled to a first clutch disk734 having a plurality of hemispherical recesses 738 formed on the sidefacing away from bevel gear 716. A plurality of balls 740 are fittedwithin hemispherical recesses 738. An intermediate gear 744 that mesheswith fan gear 780 is pivotably coupled to movable member by a screw 748that passes through an opening 752 in movable member 560 and into athreaded opening in intermediate gear 744. A second clutch disk 760 isnonrotatably mounted to intermediate gear 744, wherein second clutchdisk 760 includes a plurality of hemispherical recesses for seating theplurality of balls 740.

[0038] First clutch disk 734 is biased against second clutch disk 760 bya spring 770 such that balls 740 are seated in recesses 738 and 764 in adetenting relationship. Thus, bevel gear 716 and intermediate gearordinarily rotate together as a unit unless substantial resistance isapplied to intermediate gear 7.44. When substantial resistance isapplied to intermediate gear 744, rotation of bevel gear 716 causesballs 740 to leave recesses 738 and/or 764, thus pushing intermediateshaft 730 to the left in FIG. 11 and allowing relative rotation betweenbevel gear 716 and intermediate gear 744. When the substantialresistance to intermediate gear 744 is removed, balls 740 re-engagerecesses 738 and 764, and intermediate gear 744 continues integralrotation with bevel gear 716. Thus, rotation of drive shaft 708 causesfan gear 780 to move movable member 560 relative to link members 508 and530 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. The position of movable member 560relative to link members 508 and 530 may be ascertained by thecooperation of electrical brush member 612 and resistance contact member614, which form a potentiometer.

[0039] While the above is a description of various embodiments of thepresent invention, further modifications may be employed withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Forexample, the size, shape, location or orientation of the variouscomponents may be changed as desired. The functions of one element maybe performed by two, and vice versa. It is not necessary for alladvantages to be present in a particular embodiment at the same time.Every feature which is unique from the prior art, alone or incombination with other features, also should be considered a separatedescription of further inventions by the applicant, including thestructural and/or functional concepts embodied by such feature(s).

[0040] Although sprocket retainer 300 was formed as an annular member,sprocket retainer could be any shape and need not be formed as a closedcircle or polygon. The sensor elements 304 need not have a uniformcircumferential spacing, and some applications may require only onesensor element 304. Sensor elements 308A and 308B may be disposeddirectly on base member 44. The chain shift facilitating structures 400and 410 shown in FIG. 9 may be incorporated into the embodiment shown inFIG. 1, or they may be omitted. Thus, the scope of the invention shouldnot be limited by the specific structures disclosed or the apparentinitial focus on a particular structure or feature.

What is claimed is:
 1. A sensor retainer for a bicycle sprocket assemblycomprising: an annular member for mounting and rotating coaxially withthe bicycle sprocket assembly; and a sensor element fixed to the annularmember.
 2. The sensor retainer according to claim 1 further comprising aplurality of splines formed on an inner peripheral surface of theannular member.
 3. The sensor retainer according to claim 1 wherein theannular member includes a threaded inner peripheral surface.
 4. Thesensor retainer according to claim 1 wherein the sensor element isembedded in the annular member.
 5. The sensor retainer according toclaim 1 wherein the sensor element comprises a magnet.
 6. The sensorretainer according to claim 1 further comprising a plurality of thesensor elements fixed to the annular member and spaced apart from eachother in a circumferential direction.
 7. The sensor retainer accordingto claim 6 wherein each of the plurality of sensor elements comprises amagnet.
 8. A sensor assembly for a bicycle sprocket assembly comprising:a sensor retainer for mounting coaxially with the sprocket assembly sothat the sensor retainer rotates together with the sprocket assembly; afirst sensor element coupled for rotation with the sensor retainer; anda second sensor element for attachment in close proximity to the sensorretainer so that the sensor retainer rotates relative to the secondsensor element.
 9. The sensor assembly according to claim 8 wherein thefirst sensor element comprises a signal generating element, and whereinthe second sensor element comprises a signal receiving element.
 10. Thesensor assembly according to claim 9 wherein the first sensor elementcomprises a magnet.
 11. The sensor assembly according to claim 8 whereinthe second sensor element comprises: a first sensor unit forcommunicating with the first sensor element; and a second sensor unitfor communicating with the first sensor element.
 12. The sensor assemblyaccording to claim 11 wherein the first sensor unit is offset from thesecond sensor unit in a circumferential direction.
 13. The sensorassembly according to claim 8 wherein the first sensor element isembedded in the sensor retainer.
 14. The sensor assembly according toclaim 8 further comprising a plurality of the first sensor elementsfixed to the sensor retainer and spaced apart from each other in acircumferential direction.
 15. The sensor assembly according to claim 14wherein each of the plurality of first sensor elements comprises amagnet.
 16. The sensor assembly according to claim 8 wherein the sensorretainer comprises an annular member.
 17. The sensor assembly accordingto claim 16 wherein the annular member includes a plurality of splineson an inner peripheral surface thereof.
 18. The sensor assemblyaccording to claim 16 wherein the annular member includes a threadedinner peripheral surface.
 19. A sprocket assembly for a bicyclecomprising: a plurality of sprockets mounted together for rotationaround a common axis; and a sensor element coupled for rotation with theplurality of sprockets.
 20. The sprocket assembly according to claim 19wherein the sensor element comprises a magnet.
 21. The sprocket assemblyaccording to claim 19 further comprising a plurality of the sensorelements coupled for rotation with the plurality of sprockets.
 22. Thesprocket assembly according to claim 21 wherein each of the plurality ofsensor elements comprises a magnet.
 23. The sprocket assembly accordingto claim 19 further comprising an annular member coaxially mounted withthe plurality of sprockets for integral rotation with the plurality ofsprockets, wherein the sensor element is mounted to the annular member.24. The sprocket assembly according to claim 23 wherein the sensorelement is embedded in the annular member.
 25. The sprocket assemblyaccording to claim 23 wherein the annular member includes a plurality ofsplines on an inner peripheral surface thereof.
 26. The sprocketassembly according to claim 23 wherein the annular member includes athreaded inner peripheral surface.
 27. The sprocket assembly accordingto claim 19 wherein the plurality of sprockets includes a first sprocketand a second sprocket, wherein the first sprocket includes a shiftfacilitating structure for facilitating shifting of a chain from thesecond sprocket to the first sprocket, and wherein the sensor element islocated at a specific rotational position relative to the shiftfacilitating structure.
 28. The sprocket assembly according to claim 27wherein the shift facilitating structure includes a recess disposed on aside of the first sprocket.
 29. The sprocket assembly according to claim27 wherein the first sprocket includes a first sprocket positioningstructure on an inner peripheral surface thereof, and wherein the sensorretainer includes a retainer positioning structure on an innerperipheral surface thereof for positioning the sensor retainer at apredetermined rotational position relative to the first sprocket.
 30. Asensor assembly for a bicycle comprising: a plurality of sprocketsmounted together for rotation around a common axis; a first sensorelement coupled for rotation with the plurality of sprockets; and asecond sensor element for attachment in close proximity to the pluralityof sprockets so that the first sensor element rotates relative to thesecond sensor element.
 31. The sensor assembly according to claim 30wherein the first sensor element comprises a signal generating element,and wherein the second sensor element comprises a signal receivingelement.
 32. The sensor assembly according to claim 31 wherein the firstsensor element comprises a magnet.
 33. The sensor assembly according toclaim 30 wherein the second sensor element comprises: a first sensorunit for communicating with the first sensor element; and a secondsensor unit for communicating with the first sensor element.
 34. Thesensor assembly according to claim 33 wherein the first sensor unit isoffset from the second sensor unit in a circumferential direction. 35.The sensor assembly according to claim 30 further comprising: a sensorretainer for mounting coaxially with the sprocket assembly so that thesensor retainer rotates together with the sprocket assembly; and whereinthe first sensor element is coupled for rotation with the sensorretainer.
 36. The sensor assembly according to claim 35 wherein thesensor retainer comprises an annular member.
 37. The sensor assemblyaccording to claim 36 wherein the first sensor element is embedded inthe annular member.
 38. The sensor assembly according to claim 36wherein the annular member includes a plurality of splines on an innerperipheral surface thereof.
 39. The sensor assembly according to claim36 wherein the annular member includes a threaded inner peripheralsurface.
 40. The sensor assembly according to claim 35 furthercomprising a plurality of the first sensor elements fixed to the sensorretainer and spaced apart from each other in a circumferentialdirection.
 41. The sensor assembly according to claim 40 wherein each ofthe plurality of first sensor elements comprises a magnet.
 42. Thesensor assembly according to claim 40 wherein the second sensor elementcomprises: a first sensor unit for communicating with the first sensorelement; and a second sensor unit for communicating with the firstsensor element.
 43. The sensor assembly according to claim 42 whereinthe first sensor unit is offset from the second sensor unit in acircumferential direction.
 44. The sensor assembly according to claim 43wherein each of the plurality of first sensor elements comprises amagnet.
 45. The sensor assembly according to claim 35 wherein theplurality of sprockets includes a first sprocket and a second sprocket,wherein the first sprocket includes a shift facilitating structure forfacilitating shifting of a chain from the second sprocket to the firstsprocket, and wherein the sensor element is located at a specifiedrotational position relative to the shift facilitating structure. 46.The sensor assembly according to claim 45 wherein the shift facilitatingstructure includes a recess disposed on a side of the first sprocket.47. The sensor assembly according to claim 45 wherein the first sprocketincludes a first sprocket positioning structure on an inner peripheralsurface thereof, and wherein the sensor retainer includes a retainerpositioning structure on an inner peripheral surface thereof forpositioning the sensor retainer at a predetermined rotational positionrelative to the first sprocket.
 48. A sensor retainer for a bicycletransmission comprising: a fixing member for mounting the transmissionto a bicycle frame; and a sensor element mounted to the fixing member.